Parameters
1.00
1.0
1.00
0.020
0.60
0.0
Initial conditions & numerics
0.10
0.10
0.0100
1200
Model (unscaled): dx/dt = r·x·(1 − x/K) − m·x·y, dy/dt = −s·y + Y·e−sτ·m·x(t−τ)·y(t−τ). Forward Euler; delay index d = round(τ/Δt). History for t ≤ 0: x = x₀, y = y₀.
If curves look numerically unstable, reduce Δt.
Time series
Prey x(t)
Predator y(t)
Phase plane (x vs y)
Trajectory